女孩穿粉色【MMB-201】YOUたちの日本でヤリたいこと 奇跡のインターナショナル美女たちTogetherしようぜ！！ 日本で最高の絶叫おもてなし，男孩穿蓝色，不是很常见么？但这两种心绪为何成了分辩性别的常用色，这个问题倒是值得有计划。

By Jeanne Maglaty

艾施倩 选注

Little Franklin Delano Roosevelt sits primly on a stool， his white skirt spread smoothly over his lap， his hands clasping a hat trimmed with a marabou feather.[1] Shoulder-length hair and patent leather party shoes complete the ensemble.[2]

We find the look unsettling today， yet social convention of 1884， when FDR was photographed at age 2 1/2， dictated that boys wore dresses until age 6 or 7， also the time of their first haircut.[3] Franklin’s outfit was considered gender-neutral.[4]

But nowadays people just have to know the sex of a baby or young child at first glance. Thus we see， for example， a pink headband encircling the bald head of an infant girl.[5]

Why have young children’s clothing styles changed so dramatically[6]? How did we end up with two “teams”—boys in blue and girls in pink?

It’s really a story of what happened to neutral clothing. For centuries children wore dainty[7] white dresses up to age 6. What was once a matter of practicality—you dress your baby in white dresses and diapers; white cotton can be bleached.[8]

The march toward gender-specific clothes was neither linear nor rapid.[9] Pink and blue arrived， along with other pastels， as colors for babies in the mid-19th century， yet the two colors were not promoted as gender signifiers until just before World War I—and even then， it took time for popular culture to sort things out.[10]

For example， a Ladies’ Home Journal article in June 1918 said， “The generally accepted rule is pink for the boys， and blue for the girls. The reason is that pink， being a more decided and stronger color， is more suitable for the boy， while blue， which is more delicate and dainty， is prettier for the girl.”[11] Other sources said blue was flattering for blonds， pink for brunettes;[12] or blue was for blue-eyed babies， pink for brown-eyed babies.

In 1927， Time magazine printed a chart showing sex-appropriate[13] colors for girls and boys according to leading US stores. In Boston， Filene’s[14] told parents to dress boys in pink. So did Best & Co. in New York City， Halle’s in Cleveland and Marshall Field in Chicago.

Today’s color dictate wasn’t established until the 1940s， as a result of Americans’ preferences as interpreted by manufacturers and retailers.[15] It could have gone the other way.

So the baby boomers[16] were raised in gender-specific clothing. Boys dressed like their fathers， girls like their mothers. Girls had to wear dresses to school， though unadorned styles and tomboy play clothes were acceptable.[17]

少妇白洁全集

When the women’s liberation movement arrived in the mid-1960s， with its anti-feminine， anti-fashion message， the unisex look became the rage—but completely reversed from the time of young Franklin Roosevelt.[18] Now young girls were dressing in masculine—or at least unfeminine—styles， devoid of[19] gender hints.

One of the ways [feminists] thought that girls were kind of lured into subservient roles as women were through clothing.[20] If we dress our girls more like boys and less like frilly[21] little girls， they are going to have more options and feel freer to be active.

Gender-neutral clothing remained popular until about 1985. All of a sudden it wasn’t just a blue overall; it was a blue overall with a teddy bear holding a football. Disposable diapers[22] were manufactured in pink and blue.

Another important factor has been the rise of consumerism[23] among children in recent decades. According to child development experts， children are just becoming conscious of their gender between ages 3 and 4， and they do not realize it’s permanent until age 6 or 7.[24] At the same time， however， they are the subjects of sophisticated and pervasive advertising that tends to reinforce social conventions.[25] So they think， for example， that what makes someone female is having long hair and a dress.

While the fashion world may have divided children into pink and blue， but in the world of real individuals， not all is black and white[26].

Vocabulary

1. 小富兰克林法例地坐在凳子上，白色的裙子平整地盖在膝上，两支小手捏着一顶帽子，帽子边沿镶着秃鹳的羽毛。Franklin Delano Roosevelt: 富兰克林•德拉诺•罗斯福（1882—1945），好意思国第32任总统 [1933—1945]，就任总统后试验“新政”，二战时对缔反水法斯西同盟作出要害孝顺。

2. patent leather: 漆皮；party shoes: 饮宴鞋，频频为高跟鞋；ensemble: 举座后果，也指全套配合互助的女装。

3. unsettling: 令东说念主不安的；social convention: 社会习俗；dictate: 法则，高歌，也用作名词；dress: 连衣裙，套裙。

4. outfit:（尤指在荒芜方式穿的）全套服装；gender-neutral: 中性的。

5. headband: 束发带；encircle: 围绕，环绕；infant: 婴儿（期）的。

6. dramatically: 戏剧化地，剧烈地。

7. dainty: 工致的，精熟的。

8. practicality: 实用性；diaper: 尿布；bleach: 漂白。

9. the march: 证实，酿成；gender-specific: 针对某一性别的；linear: 联络的。

10. pastel: 柔柔的浅色调；promote: 扩充；gender signifier: 性别象征物；sort out: 弄了了。

11. decided: 坚贞的，坚决的；delicate: 邃密的，时髦的。

12. flattering: 悦东说念主的，此处指“安妥与……搭配”；blond: 白肤金发碧眼的东说念主（男的一般称为blond，女的一般称为blonde）；brunette: 具黑（或深褐）色头发和浅玄色皮肤的女子，此类男人称为brunet。

13. sex-appropriate: 安妥某种性别的。

14. Filene’s: 位于波士顿的老牌百货商店，于2005年倒闭。下文的Best & Co.为儿童衣饰商店，Halle’s和Marshall Field为百货商店。

15. preference: 爱好或偏疼的事物；interpret: 阐释；manufacturer: 制造商，制造厂；retailer: 零卖商。

16. baby boomer: 生养岑岭期降生的一代东说念主（之一员），生养岑岭期是指二战后1947至1961年间降生的一代好意思国东说念主。

17. unadorned: 未经壅塞的，朴素的；tomboy play clothes:“假小子”式的简短装。

18. anti-feminine: 反女性特征的，feminine（具有女性特征的）的反义词为masculine（具有男性特征的）；unisex: 不分男女的；the rage: 先锋，风靡一时的事物；reversed: 反向的，违反的。

19. devoid of: 毫无的，莫得的。

20. feminist: 女权目标者；lure: 训诲，迷惑；subservient: 恭顺的，柔声下气的。

21. frilly: （衣物等）饰有褶边的。

22. disposable diaper: 纸尿裤。

23. consumerism: 浮滥目标。

24. conscious: 意志到的；permanent: 常在的。

25. 然则与此同期，儿童亦然处心积虑、无处不在的告白的筹划对象，这些告白也在强化社会风气。

26. black and white: 白璧青蝇。

（开端：英语学习杂志）【MMB-201】YOUたちの日本でヤリたいこと 奇跡のインターナショナル美女たちTogetherしようぜ！！ 日本で最高の絶叫おもてなし